What type of bacteria is responsible for producing lactic acid from sugars in the oral cavity?

The production of lactic acid from sugars in the oral cavity is primarily associated with mutans streptococci, particularly Streptococcus mutans. This group of bacteria is known for their ability to metabolize sugars, resulting in the production of lactic acid as a byproduct. The accumulation of lactic acid contributes to a decrease in pH levels in the mouth, creating an acidic environment that can lead to the demineralization of enamel and the development of dental caries, or cavities.

Mutans streptococci are opportunistic pathogens that thrive on fermentable carbohydrates, making them a key contributor to tooth decay. Their presence in the oral biofilm is a central factor in the caries process, differentiating them from other bacteria that may not have the same metabolic capabilities or pathogenic potential related to lactic acid production. Understanding the role of these bacteria emphasizes the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene and dietary habits to minimize their effect on dental health.