What is an exogenous stain?

An exogenous stain refers specifically to a discoloration of teeth that originates from external factors. This includes substances such as food, beverages, tobacco, and even medications. These stains can accumulate on the surface of the teeth, resulting in changes to their color and appearance.

External factors, as mentioned, play a significant role in the development of exogenous stains because they contribute to the buildup of pigments on the enamel and tooth structure. For example, coffee, red wine, and certain spices can impart color to teeth, while tobacco use can lead to significant staining due to the tar and nicotine present.

In contrast, stains caused by internal factors are classified as endogenous stains, which arise from within the tooth and can be due to genetics, dental trauma, or the effects of certain medications during tooth development. Natural discoloration over time is a separate issue often referred to as intrinsic staining, while stains that develop strictly as a result of dental procedures do not fit into the category of exogenous stains at all. The definition and identification of exogenous stains are critical for dental professionals when providing proper care and treatment options for patients.